In an educational context, what does student agency refer to?

Student agency refers to the students' capacities, as well as their tendencies to take initiative in their learning process. This concept emphasizes the role of students as active participants in their education rather than passive recipients of information. When students have agency, they are empowered to make choices about their learning, set their own goals, and take responsibility for their educational journey. This empowerment fosters a sense of ownership and motivation, leading to a more engaged and self-directed learning experience.

The other options touch upon related educational concepts but do not encapsulate the broader and more nuanced idea of student agency. While learning competencies outline what students should achieve, and opportunities for deeper learning may enhance engagement, they do not inherently involve students taking initiative. Similarly, directing student learning implies an authoritative approach where educators guide the learners, which contrasts with the essence of student agency that champions student choice and autonomy.